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"Döring, Jürgen"
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Phantasie an die Macht : Politik im Künstlerplakat = Power to the imagination : artists, posters and politics
Mit dem Aufruf \"Die Phantasie an die Macht\" unterstützte der Künstler Pierre Soulages den Aufstand der Pariser Studenten im Mai 1968. Die Bandbreite zwischen Utopie und erlebter Geschichte verleiht den politischen Plakaten der Künstler der Avantgarde ihren besonderen Reiz. Diese Geschichte der internationalen Protestbewegungen, erzählt mit eindringlichen Entwürfen der grossen Künstler unserer Zeit, ist zugleich eine Geschichte der Kunst dieser Zeit - selektiv betrachtet, aber doch Ausdruck einer erstaunlichen Kontinuität und Authentizität. Katalogbuch zur Ausstellung: Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg, ca. AprilJuni 2011 / Galerie Stihl Waiblingen, Waiblingen, 8.7.-25.9.2011.
Book
Colour lithography of the 1890s
Discusses colour lithography in the 1890s, with reference to the publication Quelques Aspects de la Vie de Paris: Französische Farblithographien um 1900 aus dem Kupferstichkabinett Basel (Basle, 2002). The author notes the influence of Philip Dennis Cate's research on the current understanding of the medium, explains the involvement of emerging artists in the 1890s in the production of colour prints, and focuses on the technical and marketing innovations of the time that helped to establish the genre. He refers to the Basle collection of French colour lithographs, reports on its inclusion of work by de Toulouse-Lautrec and Bonnard, and studies the albums and editions of single artists in the collection including the work of Gauguin, Bonnard, Denis, and Vuillard. He comments on the lack of single prints and the omission of significant editions in the collection, focuses on the subjects explored in the introduction to the publication, and comments on the comprehensive nature of the selection of prints by de Toulouse-Lautrec.
Journal Article
Pipecolic Acid, an Endogenous Mediator of Defense Amplification and Priming, Is a Critical Regulator of Inducible Plant Immunity
Metabolic signals orchestrate plant defenses against microbial pathogen invasion. Here, we report the identification of the non-protein amino acid pipecolic acid (Pip), a common Lys catabolite in plants and animals, as a critical regulator of inducible plant immunity. Following pathogen recognition, Pip accumulates in inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, in leaves distal from the site of inoculation, and, most specifically, in petiole exudates from inoculated leaves. Defects of mutants in AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1 (ALD1) in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and in basal, specific, and β-aminobutyric acidinduced resistance to bacterial infection are associated with a lack of Pip production. Exogenous Pip complements these resistance defects and increases pathogen resistance of wild-type plants. We conclude that Pip accumulation is critical for SAR and local resistance to bacterial pathogens. Our data indicate that biologically induced SAR conditions plants to more effectively synthesize the phytoalexin camalexin, Pip, and salicylic acid and primes plants for early defense gene expression. Biological priming is absent in the pipecolate-deficient ald1 mutants. Exogenous pipecolate induces SAR-related defense priming and partly restores priming responses in ald1. We conclude that Pip orchestrates defense amplification, positive regulation of salicylic acid biosynthesis, and priming to guarantee effective local resistance induction and the establishment of SAR.
Journal Article
Pipecolic Acid Orchestrates Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance and Defense Priming via Salicylic Acid-Dependent and -Independent Pathways
We investigated the relationships of the two immune-regulatory plant metabolites, salicylic acid (SA) and pipecolic acid (Pip), in the establishment of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR), SAR-associated defense priming, and basal immunity. Using SA-deficient sid2, Pip-deficient ald1, and sid2 ald1 plants deficient in both SA and Pip, we show that SA and Pip act both independently from each other and synergistically in Arabidopsis thaliana basal immunity to Pseudomonas syringae. Transcriptome analyses reveal that SAR establishment in Arabidopsis is characterized by a strong transcriptional response systemically induced in the foliage that prepares plants for future pathogen attack by preactivating multiple stages of defense signaling and that SA accumulation upon SAR activation leads to the downregulation of photosynthesis and attenuated jasmonate responses systemically within the plant. Whereas systemic Pip elevations are indispensable for SAR and necessary for virtually the whole transcriptional SAR response, a moderate but significant SA-independent component of SAR activation and SAR gene expression is revealed. During SAR, Pip orchestrates SA-dependent and SA-independent priming of pathogen responses in a FLAVIN-DEPENDENT-MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1)-dependent manner. We conclude that a Pip/FMO1 signaling module acts as an indispensable switch for the activation of SAR and associated defense priming events and that SA amplifies Pip-triggered responses to different degrees in the distal tissue of SAR-activated plants.
Journal Article
Hypusinated eIF5A Promotes Ribosomal Frameshifting during Decoding of ODC Antizyme mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Polyamines are essential biogenic poly-cations with important roles in many cellular processes and diseases such as cancer. A rate-limiting step early in the biosynthesis of polyamines is the conversion of ornithine to putrescine by the homodimeric enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). In a conserved mechanism of posttranslational regulation, ODC antizyme (OAZ) binds to ODC monomers promoting their ubiquitin-independent degradation by the proteasome. Decoding of OAZ mRNA is unusual in that it involves polyamine-regulated bypassing of an internal translation termination (STOP) codon by a ribosomal frameshift (RFS) event. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we earlier showed that high polyamine concentrations lead to increased efficiency of OAZ1 mRNA translation by binding to nascent Oaz1 polypeptide. The binding of polyamines prevents stalling of the ribosomes on OAZ1 mRNA caused by nascent Oaz1 polypeptide thereby promoting synthesis of full-length Oaz1. Polyamine depletion, however, also inhibits RFS during the decoding of constructs bearing the OAZ1 shift site lacking sequences encoding the Oaz1 parts implicated in polyamine binding. Polyamine depletion is known to impair hypusine modification of translation factor eIF5A. Using a novel set of conditional mutants impaired in the function of eIF5A/Hyp2 or its hypusination, we show here that hypusinated eIF5A is required for efficient translation across the OAZ1 RFS site. These findings identify eIF5A as a part of Oaz1 regulation, and thereby of polyamine synthesis. Additional experiments with DFMO, however, show that depletion of polyamines inhibits translation across the OAZ1 RFS site not only by reducing Hyp2 hypusination, but in addition, and even earlier, by affecting RFS more directly.
Journal Article